The rise of Christianity was important to the growth of the late Roman Research Paper

The ascent of Christianity was essential to the development of the late Roman time frame. How did the Church help proceed with human progress after the fall of the Western Empire - Research Paper Example Paul was a missionary who traversed the Roman Empire in 30 years to lecture Christianity to a portion of the significant urban areas of the realm. A portion of the urban communities, for example, Philippi, Athens, and Corinth comprised of thousands of frantic and destitute individuals who were believed to be the ideal crowd for the message of Christianity that bolstered unceasing life. Paul went to the homes of these individuals and lectured the message of Jesus. Be that as it may, Jesus just went to the Jews while Paul took his message to the non-Jews too. Christianity would in general facilitate the guidelines and embraced a progressively loosened up approach towards the old laws about circumcision and food. The Jewish conventions were significantly driven down because of this however this was the fundamental explanation behind the boundless of Christianity. As the Christian development concentrated on non-Jewish individuals too, the principles were transformed from the exacting ones to the casual ones with the goal that Jews could receive them. In any case, continuously Christianity had been embraced as a different and new religion. As Christianity picked up significance in Rome, the failings of Emperor Nero were covered up under Christians who were a far simpler objective. Christians were not many in Rome by then even and they were presently exceptionally dubious. Christians had become an obvious objective and their customs were mixed up normally. Nero, in this time, tormented the Roman Christians by tossing them to wild creatures, consuming them alive, or killing them1. Be that as it may, significantly after this abuse, the Christian religion won and in spite of the fact that it didn't rehash in different territories and was brief, it turned out to be progressively composed over the time. By 323 AD, Christianity had become the official religion in the Roman Empire. Since the time at that point, the Christianity and Catholic Church assumed a huge job in setting up and shaping the Western Society. Since the commencement of the Catholic Church, it has been viewed as a wellspring of motivation of social administrations, for example, clinical consideration and tutoring,

To What Extent Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression Essay Example For Students

How much Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression Essay In June 1789 the French upset had started. For the following five years there would be slaughter all through France, the nation was experiencing an extreme change, the adjustment in power and the disappointment of the protected government being two instances of this. Yet, how much was this brought about by financial misery? Before having the option to respond to the inquiry, one would need to set up the meaning of ‘economic distress’ it could be characterized as the wretchedness individuals (particularly the proletariat) looked because of low pay and expense expansion or the hopelessness that the whole nation was in because of the huge obligations, which had amassed because of the wars, which were battled. The financial circumstance was just one of the components that made the individuals question the government in pre-progressive France. France was in incredible obligation and practically bankrupt however this didn't prevent them from battling wars. The obligation †a monetary issue †transformed into a social one, when the workers were burdened vigorously so as to pay for the obligation, this made them question significantly their situation in the public eye and the viability of their government. Dry season and other cataclysmic events destroyed yield creation, causing food costs to rise significantly. With charges rising and costs as well, laborers were living in starvation and in poor everyday environments. The edification had the option to motivate progressive musings inside the individuals. Individuals started to relinquish their convictions in divine right and concentrated more on the contemplations of uniformity and society being run to help all. The financial circumstance just caused individuals to acknowledge different issues concerning legislative issues and society. An upset (The total oust of a set up government or social request by those beforehand subject to it) would mean total change of political, ideological and conservati ve convictions, so for such an extraordinary change to be vital there would should be issues in these regions in the first place. We will compose a custom exposition on To What Extent Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In Pre-progressive France there were three homes the primary domain (ministry), the subsequent home (aristocrats) and the third home (bourgeoisie, lower class and urban specialists). The greater part of the pastorate originated from respectable foundations, as it was normal for the most youthful children of affluent families to join the congregation so as to share its riches. The church’s riches originated from tithes (an extent or the each year’s crop paid to the congregation via landowners) and the huge measure of land that it possessed. They church were excluded from charges; rather they arranged a wear gratuit with the ruler. The wear gratuit was a yearly installment to the crown and was in every case substantially less than what might need to be paid in ordinary tax collection. The congregation had a lot of intensity too as the state religion was Catholicism, it was their obligation to spread to thoughts of perfect right. The subsequent domain was by a long shot, t he wealthiest and generally incredible. They were absolved from making good on direct charges (until the 1749 vingtieme when they despite everything paid short of what they would have done in the event that they were from the third domain) and doing military help, for example, the corvee (constrained work on streets) and brought in their cash through the land they possessed (somewhere in the range of 15% and 25% of all land in France). They likewise gets seigneural (medieval) levy which were charges that the workers were committed to pay so as to utilize the lord’s factory, stove, wine press, rearing stock, demise charges, legacy duties and offer of-property charges. The third bequest was comprised of three sections; the bourgeoisie, who were the wealthiest and most taught piece of the home, a considerable lot of them being lenders, landowners, specialists, authors and government employees. It was likewise feasible for well off bourgeoisie to purchase dishonest workplaces to become aristocrats (in any case, most recognizing workplaces requires in any event two ages of proprietors before honorability could be purchased. The other piece of the domain was the lower class. It was the least rich and generally various (85% of the French populace lived in the open country and most were workers). A significant number of the workers were laboureurs (individuals who developed enough food to take care of themselves, these were the individuals who discovered it particularly hard when the yield was harmed because of awful climate conditions in 1769-71, 1778-79, 1781-82, 1785-86 or more each of the 1788-89. Different laborers who were additionally extraordinarily influenced by this were the tenant farmers who had no capital and gave a large portion of their produce to their proprietors. All workers needed to take care of primitive obligations, for example, the corvee, offerings to the congregation and furthermore needed to pay assessments, for example, the taille, vi ngtieme, capitation, and gabelle. Workers likewise needed to pay rents, which expanded enormously somewhere in the range of 1705 and 1789 to add to their costs. The third piece of the bequest was the urban specialists who were incompetent and poor. They were exposed to shocking living and working conditions and the starvation hit them the hardest as they couldn't bear the cost of the bread which framed seventy five percent of the laborers diet. Pre-progressive France was run under an imperious system. The government was total, its forces comprised of: The National System of Justice, their job with the catholic church, the option to arrange tax assessment and pioneer of the military powers, a fruitful pioneer would should have the option to deal with this force with certainty and decision making ability. Louis XVI was excessively powerless, unreasonably uncertain and all in he was not the kind of individual who ought to have held such duties. The premise of the upset was set up when Louis XIV went to the seat. He was a flat out ruler who caused the aristocrats aversion of government by decreasing their capacity and removing them from their territory. In 1661 Louis burned through $100 million to manufacture the Versailles royal residence, his luxurious going through left the nation with an enormous obligation. He likewise went through a lot of cash battling a progression of wars trying to overwhelm Europe. Louis XV was not any more effective, he endeavored to change the vile tax assessment by driving the earlier excluded respectability and church to pay charge this was altered after his passing. In 1771 the parlements were pulled together and deprived of their forces to deter regal announcements, this presented the possibility of the ruler being an oppressive pioneer (a pioneer who acts wrongfully). Louis XV additionally spent immense measures of cash on 3 fruitless wars; the war of the Polish progression, the war of the Austrian Succession and the seven years w ar where France lost the entirety of its abroad provinces to Britain, adding to the obligation and making the individuals accept that the lord was answerable for France’s loss of intensity. Louis XVI was feeble absurd and very hesitant. His shortcoming was obvious when as opposed to actualizing charge changes he stayed away from the honorability and simply continued getting cash, making a pattern of steady advances, by 1786 the obligation totaled 3 billion livres and the shortfall had come to 125 million livres. Something else, which the French open detested about the government, was that the sovereign was Marie Antoinette; to them she was the image of an unnatural collusion with Austria, which had prompted France’s rout in the seven years war. She significantly impacted the choices of the ruler, for instance the controller general, Turgot, was sacked in light of the fact that she despised him. Louis’ hesitation is appeared in the manner he managed critical issu es, for instance; it took a half year to talk about the review of the parlement in 1774, in 1778 the passage into the American war of autonomy took two years of choosing and the conference of the gathering of notables in 1787 (where there was direness) took five months. Obviously Louis was not fit to be a ruler. .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .postImageUrl , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:hover , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:visited , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:active { border:0!important; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:active , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:hover { darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089 bb2d .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning righ

Corporate Environmental Performance Consumer Reactions

Question: Talk about the Corporate Environmental Performance Consumer Reactions. Answer: Presentation This report presents the profundity data with respect to the corporate publicizing effort. It additionally examines the foundation of M1 association. Alongside this, it likewise shows the battle of M1 and examines the targets of crusade. It additionally shows the difficulties looked by partners at the hour of propelling the battle. It delineates key viewpoints that will be required at the hour of news discharge declaring for propelling the crusade in exchange media (Broadbent, 2013). Inspect the corporate character of this organization and figure out what could be the potential reasons and objectives for this corporate promoting effort. M1 is situated in the Singapore, which is renowned for conveying the dynamic blend of media transmission benefits in a proper way. It offers portable and various administrations to their clients. M1 is the primary supplier of various administrations, for example, across the country 4G administration, fast fixed broadband, and NGNBN (Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network). Likewise, M1 likewise centers around some extra administrations, for example, nature of the system, shopper administrations, included worth, and development to make a great connection with clients and offers types of assistance on the time (Grunig, 2013). Moreover, the IDA (Info-correspondences Development Authority of Singapore) gives the permit to M1 to working the FBO (Facilities-Based Operator) and SBO (Service-Based Operator) viably. IDA has additionally offered the arrangement of Telecommunication business to effectively work the correspondence in Singapore. The MDA (Media Development Authority) gives the arrangement to M1 with respect to the Internet Access Service and IPTV. It likewise gives all inclusive 4G and 3G HSPA (fast bundle get to) network to their clients. Simultaneously, it likewise offers esteem included administrations through HSPA and furthermore ready to offer the download speed by 300Mbps and transfer speed by 150 Mbps (Thompson, 2013). Besides, the organization is additionally conveyed the worldwide call administrations to their clients where it gives IDD (global direct dial) through some specific prefix, for example, 002, 021 and 033. Further, International calling card administrations are offered to the clients wherein prefix code is1818. The organization is given the specific plans, for example, Fiber Broadband assistance with suitable paces including fixed voice and extra worth added administrations to their neighborhood clients. Another help of MI is 300Mbps to 10Gbps speed range to their private home clients yet 10Gbps of speed to their corporate clients. M1 is enlisted on the Singapore Exchange and their principle partners are Axiata Investments Limited, SPH Multimedia Private Limited, and Keppel Telecoms Pte Ltd. The fundamental objective of this corporate publicizing effort is to make a positive relationship with shoppers and furthermore hold the current and new clients in long haul (Argyle, 2013). Among the numerous partners this organization needed to address, recognize which ones the crusade was aimed at and what concerns they had which may make them the objective for the battle. The significant partners of M1 battle titled For Every One is Managing Director, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Creative Officer, Creative Director, Art Director. Different partners are Copywriter, Digital Art Director, Producer, Account Director, Senior Account Executive, and Account Executive. They assume a huge job to meet the objective of the battle in a fitting way. Simultaneously, it tends to be said that 'Making Moments Special is another crusade of M1, which has likewise some specific partners, for example, overseeing executive, boss Strategy official, and imaginative chief. Different partners are a craftsmanship chief, marketing specialist, account executive, and record official. They have a huge job to pool the clients towards the item and administrations of the organization (Shockley, 2014).Additionally, there are sure issues that might be looked by the partners are as talked about beneath: Variety in the Market patterns Variety in the patterns can turn into a test for the partner since it influences the enthusiasm of clients. Simultaneously, it can likewise influence the profitability of the association. Along these lines, partners ought to focuse on the variety of the patterns. In the event of variety in patterns, it can negative effect on the crusade since client will move towards those products and enterprises that in current pattern (Aaker, et al., 2013). Changes in the innovation can likewise straightforwardly affect on the execute of crusade in a proper way. Likewise, it very well may be said that adjustments in the innovation power the association to actualize the new innovation in their association since it will empower to pick up their incomes. Simultaneously, in the event that the partners don't know about the advanced innovation or new innovation then it can make the issue for the association to viably meet the objectives. Quickly portray the crusade and examine what it had the option to accomplish as you would see it The organization has created two crusade for advancing their item and administrations. Also, the main crusade of M1 depended on the incorporated battle. For everybody is the title of this battle. The significant point of this battle is to upgrade the ability of the business in long haul. Another crusade is Making Moments Special, which shows that the lives of an individual can be improved by utilizing the item and administrations of M1 (Nyilasy, et al., 2014). Through these crusades, data about M1 can be spread in everywhere throughout the Singapore showcase in 45 seconds. The publicizing is utilized by means of online channels, for example, data about items and administrations can be spread through YouTube pre-moves by 16 seconds. M1 consistently attempts to utilize those systems by which they can have the option to make a positive relationship with buyers and settle their issues in a fitting way. It likewise centers around how the clients can interface with the brand in long haul. Furthermore, it very well may be said that this battle is likewise make profundity understanding with respect to clients way of life and investigates the significance of item and administration of M1 in their lives. It additionally clarifies that M1 is essential for making the every devel opment of clients (Sheehan, 2013). Likewise, it very well may be said that M1 has advanced their two battles by utilizing diverse computerized media apparatuses. For instance, organization has dispatch the 45 second of vivified video that expects to give fun, idiosyncrasy, and delight with the potential clients. In addition, it will be strong to make a good relationship and upgrade the development of the organization in long haul (Kim, et al., 2014). Assume you were a piece of the corporate interchanges group that made this crusade. Blueprint the key viewpoints you have to consider so as to compose a news discharge reporting the battle dispatch to showcasing exchange media The news discharges assume a basic job in the advertising and marking endeavors. As a colleague, certain things are considered at the hour of news discharge reporting for propelling the battle in exchange media. There specific variables are timetables, sway, uniqueness, strife, vicinity, and big name. It is examined as underneath: Moreover, it can likewise be said that even the item and administration is old yet the data may be new to make a good open relationship. It will likewise steady to effectively work the showcasing correspondence in the market (Nava, et al., 2013). The tale of battle may impact those individuals who are associated with making the showcasing correspondence. These can be perusers of media, audience members, and watchers. Consequently, it very well may be said that the story substance may be viable in order to effortlessly impact fundamental members of promoting correspondence. The uniqueness is additionally assumed a basic job in compose the viable news discharge. Along these lines, the story may be different from accessible same stories in the market. Simultaneously, it can likewise be said that the story data may be exceptional because of cause a to recognize picture in the clients mind. The story is for the most part thought about the ways to deal with settle the issues of item and administrations (Moriarty, 2014). Nearness The nearness is additionally a huge piece of composing in regards to the new discharge. Moreover, it can likewise be said that the story may depict the effect of the climate on evaluated perusers, audience members, watchers, and geological variables. It very well may be powerful to pool the clients with respect to the item and administrations in less time and cost. The crusade is introduced through a big name to advance the item and administrations in a fitting way. These famous people can be a government official, business pioneer, and performer. They have a noteworthy job to upgrade the profitability and development of the organization in long haul (Aaker, et al., 2013). End From the above examination, it tends to be reasoned that M1 is an acclaimed association, which offers the media transmission administrations to their clients. M1 has presented two battles due to drawing in the customers in less time for significant stretch. Besides, it very well may be inspected that the fundamental point of battle is to mindful the clients towards the item and administrations of organization, which will be strong to upgrade the interest of item in long haul. Moreover, it very well may be delineated that a partner has confronted numerous issues at the hour of focused the shoppers. At last, it can likewise be inferred that a colleague of the battle should focus on various factors if there should be an occurrence of news arrivals of crusade in the exchange advertise. These are courses of events, uniqueness, closeness, and big name, as it tends to be compelling to news discharges. References Aaker, D. A., Biel, A. (2013).Brand value promoting: publicizing's job in building solid brands. USA: Psychology Press. Argyle, M. (2013).Bodily correspondence. UK: Routledge. Broadbent,

Effecting communication and information Essay

Enrollment and Retention Process and Documentation WHSmith was built up in 1792 by a man named Henry Walton Smith, and his better half Anna, yet was set up under the name H W Smith. After their demises, the business was given to their two children; Henry Edward, and William Henry Smith. The business was renamed to WHSmith as William was the more seasoned of the two and he was the more capable specialist. WHSmith today, as one of the greatest retail bunches in the UK, it is comprised of two center organizations; high road retail, and travel retail. They have around 17,000 representatives working in both of the 543 High Street stores or the 129 Travel stores in the UK. The way where an individual is utilized inside WHSmith would clearly need to begin with an employment opportunity. This opening can be because of one of numerous reasons. For instance: If another store is opened or on the off chance that somebody has left their activity. From that point on, the means taken would begin with WHSmith’s Human Resources Department making a vocation determination, which comprises of the activity subtleties. Here is a case of an occupation determination for an opening at WHSmith as an associate administrator: Employment Specification Vacancy Role Title: Assistant Manager London (North/South/East/West) Role Level: Assistant Manager Region: London Location: London Salary: I 17,000 †I 23,000 Details: You will be required to work six days every week. In your job as right hand supervisor, it will be your obligation to help the retail chief in his everyday work. This activity is extremely requesting and you never know, it might be the simply the activity for you. In a situation as associate director, you will be given fourteen days paid occasion a year. Individual Specification: Role: We are searching for a decent cooperative person, with demonstrated retail the executives experience, great correspondence, an objective driven methodology in addition to the desire and potential to succeed. The Assistant Manager is liable for accomplishing store deals focuses by driving, rousing and building up the store group to accomplish deals targets and client assistance norms and to help the Store Manager. The subsequent stage would be for them to deliver an individual detail, which diagrams the kind of individual they are searching (for instance: capabilities, past experience and so forth. ). WHSmith would then arrangement on publicizing the activity in various better places in order to stand out towards the employment opportunity. Notice is expensive and it would be to the greatest advantage of WHSmith to land the position subtleties and determinations completely spot on. When the entirety of this data has been assembled, it is then publicized in various spots (I. e. the web, work focus and so on ). WHSmith have as of late began to enlist online with an Internet based occupation selecting process. The following stage includes individuals going after that particular position by giving their pertinent archives, which will at that point be broke down by WHSmith’s Human Resources office. Candidates are then short-recorded and some of the candidates are chosen. I have furnished a WHSmith request for employment structure with my task. The chose candidates will at that point be approached to give references from at least two solid sources. These would be from individuals like past managers and previous instructive instructors. The individuals who are chosen as individuals who appear as though appropriate contender for the activity will at that point be welcomed for a proper meeting at a WHSmith. A senior individual from staff would for the most part complete this meeting. The information that is gotten from the meeting is then broke down and contrasted with the readied individual particular. After a long, tedious procedure, and a great deal of cash being spent, the effective applicant is then extended to the employment opportunity. On account of WHSmith and the activity determination I have given, this up-and-comer would must have past involvement with a retail the executives position, and would fundamentally be the individual that they see as the best man/lady for the activity. P2 Employability, Personal and Communication Skills Assistant Manager Role â€Å"The Assistant Manager is liable for accomplishing store deals focuses by driving, inspiring and building up the store group to accomplish deals targets and client assistance norms and to help the Store Manager. † The activity job is identified with the Person Specification. Individual Specification The individual determination requests somebody with the accompanying characteristics: â€Å"We are searching for a decent cooperative person, with demonstrated retail the executives experience, great correspondence, an objective driven methodology in addition to the aspiration and potential to succeed. † These abilities are completely positioned on the individual particular which is as it should be. The Personal Skills plot here are:  Someone who is a cooperative person †An associate director will be required to work with the supervisor as a feature of a group. They likewise must be a group head, as laid out in the activity job.  Someone with an objective driven methodology †In a high position this way, it is vital that an associate chief realizes how to handle set targets and that they approach these objectives entire heartedly.  Someone with the desire and potential to succeed †If an associate chief doesn't wish to advance, at that point they won't give the activity their complete consideration. It is better that they need to, and can succeed with the goal that they can positively affect the business. It is likewise their business to persuade the store group and it is difficult to do as such in the event that he/she wasn’t inspired him/herself. The Employability aptitudes plot here are:  Someone with demonstrated retail the executives experience †It is totally crucial that somebody who needs to fill in as an associate chief, has some past experience dealing with a store or individuals, and was acceptable at doing as such. The Communication aptitudes laid out here are: Someone with great correspondence †It is fundamental that, as an associate supervisor, you can convey well. This is because of the way that an associate supervisor is required to ‘communicate’ messages to both the chief, and the store group. P3 Electronic and Non-Electronic techniques for conveying business data There are a wide range of strategies for correspondence. These can be isolated into two distinct classifications: Electronic (non-composed), and Non-Electronic (composed). Techniques for correspondence that would go under Written Communication would be things like:  SMS (Text Message) Methods of interchanges that would go under Electronic Communication would be things along the lines of: Meetings Both Written Communication and Electronic Communication have their favorable circumstances. These favorable circumstances vary contingent upon the crowd which is being tended to. The beneficiary is significant with regards to the kind of correspondence that is being utilized. Inside The Organization Within the association the techniques for correspondence that I would utilize would be things like: Gatherings †In an association, it is unavoidable that there will be gatherings held. These are normally used to talk about progress, the present status of the association, and to get staff to contribute their thoughts. Clients These are the techniques for correspondence that I would use to speak with the clients: Exposure Materials †To come clean, this is a conspicuous one truly. The best approach to get clients is through exposure. In the event that your association is a notable one, it is bound to succeed.  Advertisements †In my supposition, ads ought to be utilized by all major and even little associations. These should layout things like administrations gave and unique proposals to pull in more clients. Providers Here are a portion of the strategies for correspondences I would use to speak with providers of merchandise and so forth :  Letters †These are an extraordinary method of conveying and individuals have been utilizing them for a considerable length of time. I would utilize letters to speak with providers since it's anything but quite a while devouring technique for conveying. You simply compose what you have to state, put it in an envelope, post it, and the beneficiary gets it the following day! Simple Peasy! * Telephone †This is one of the least difficult, most direct methods of speaking with individuals today. Chatting with providers on the phone would imply that the entirety of the business including matters like conveyances, times, sums, and different things would all be able to be sifted through very quickly. P4 Sources of Information External Source. This data is outer (outside of the business) data that I have taken from the BBC site. Here is the connection, as proof of data: http://newsvote. bbc. co. uk/1/shared/fds/howdy/business/market_data/shares/3/23473/twelve_month. stm I have given data on WHSmith’s share costs. From this chart we can see the ascent and fall in WHSmith’s share value an incentive in the year 2007. The current (careful) estimation of their offers on the thirteenth of December 2007 at 14:22 is I 324. 75. We can see that the pinnacle of their offer worth this year was in March. The absolute bottom was in late November. Inside Source This data is interior (inside the business) data that I have taken from WHSmith’s Annual report. Here is the connection, as proof of data: http://www. whsmithplc. com/grp/WHSPLC-IR-AR07. pdf I have given data on WHSmith’s Profits to the years 2006 and 2007. From this data we can see the expansion in benefits and the rate increment. Year 2006 2007 Increase in Profit Percentage Increase Profit I m (Before Tax) I 51 I 66 I 15 29. 41% We can see that their benefit for the year 2006 was I 51million, the benefit for the year 2007 was I 66million, the expansion in benefit was I 15million, and the rate increment is 29. 41%. Here is a section diagram indicating the data. Optional Source Secondary data is data that I will utilize. This data is as of now in presence, yet has been assembled by others, and not myself. I will utilize data from WHSm

Effects of Academic Dishonesty on Higher Education Essay

Scholarly untrustworthiness is a bad habit that is tormenting advanced education in today’s society. While teachers and test invigilators consistently appear to be a stage behind in getting the guilty parties, the procedures being designed by the understudies to beat the framework can nearly be seen with horrid interest. The accentuation that has been put on advanced education with regards to work status has completely slanted the ethical compass of understudies and individuals who were of â€Å"respected character† in their secondary schools are for the most part making careful effort while disclosing why the decided to cheat; this is normally after they are gotten. The difficulties being introduced to the little fellows and young ladies in our halls of higher learning can be handled a similar way these understudies made the evaluations in secondary school. It’s about duty and difficult work. (Anderman et al, 2007) Reasons for Cheating Students will cheat on the off chance that they are not satisfactorily arranged or on the off chance that they accept paying little heed to their comprehension of the course content, they are simply not going to pass. Taking a gander at the main explanation, inability to enough get ready for a CAT or a test yet one has been given all the material must be accused on one’s carelessness. On the subsequent explanation, the understudies may have motivation to accept that there will be a distinction between the inquiries being posed and the material they have examined. They could put together their doubts with respect to the past acts of these specific teacher or they simply don't have confidence on the substance they have been educated. This once in a while occurs however what understudies don't comprehend is it isn't the lecturer’s job to â€Å"spoon-feed† them in the whole course diagram. One of the desires society has on graduates is that one ought to at any rate have the option to direct an exploration freely. Some portion of the substance would accordingly not be given in class and the instructor will anticipate that the understudies should direct their own reality discovering missions. Along these lines, one ought not criticize a speaker for posing an inquiry that one wasn’t acquainted with before taking a gander at the course diagram. (Callahan, 2004) Plagiarism, Fabrication and Deception The sort of cheating took a gander at above spotlights on test based method of assessments. Research work directed by understudies or even college workforce has not been saved this bad habit either. This sort of cheating is described by literary theft, creation and duplicity. Unoriginality is the most widely recognized particularly with college understudies. The web has end up being very creative with data about practically anything being only a mouse click away. Firm punishments like being ousted or suspended from the college do exist however there are as yet a couple of courageous spirits who accept they can pull off it. At the point when one moves to the post-graduate and doctorate levels, instances of copyright infringement are very insignificant. Having one’s name discolored with literary theft is a label that will tail you for the remainder of your vocation. (Bowman, 2004, p 25) The couple of instances of scholastic untrustworthiness detailed generally emerge from purposefully introducing bogus information. Research work is a tedious procedure that can take months and even years. It very well may be very lamentable if toward the finish of your exploration, the exploratory outcomes don't coordinate your theory. Every so often, a few people want to create their outcomes as opposed to rehashing the whole procedure or conceding that their examination was uncertain. You may pull off it if the specialists in that specific field are not many however the drop out that would follow when you are found has demonstrated to be the best obstruction. (Bowman, 2004) Studies in the Unites States show that â€Å"70% of understudies in secondary school have cheated† (Anderman et al, 2007) implying that this bad habit was not out of nowhere obtained when these understudies joined college. It has moved to a point where when understudies are discovered cheating, they are presumably frantic at themselves since they were gotten as opposed to having regret. The probability that you may really be gotten ought to be the best obstruction to cheating; not the punishment got after you are captured. You will possibly stress over the punishment on the off chance that you are uncertain about whether you will pull off it. (Anderman et al, 2007) Effects on Higher Education Cheating negatively affects advanced education in that the whole validity of the framework is addressed. Take for example an understudy who effectively cheated during his time at a specific business college by one way or another sneaks through the splits in the framework and is utilized in the activity showcase. Research has indicated a lion's share of individuals discovered rehearsing unsound strategic approaches like stealing of assets in all probability took part in scholarly deceptive nature during their time in college. The shame such an individual will bring to their learning organization is limitless. Besides, the believability of understudies who went through this business college will likewise be brought into question. Any reasonable person would agree that a plundered business venture will reconsider before utilizing somebody from that disrespected business college. Dominant part of colleges depend on awards and research assets to run their costly projects. While assets from neighborhood specialists, understudy charges or even the government may be sufficient to run a few projects, a vast larger part of courses depend on enormous money restores that exploration programs produce. This can change if the whole advanced education framework is brought into unsavoriness because of across the board instances of cheating. Right now, barely any colleges set out to concede that the issue is more far reaching than it is accounted for. They know about the bad habit and admit to it being pervasive for the most part in the undergrad level. Today, the expense of employing a college to play out an exploration for your benefit is an extravagance delighted in by organizations or foundations that can bear the cost of the significant expenses. The legitimization for these significant expenses is ascribed to the degree of aptitude required to lead this exploration; and this abilities must be found at our foundations of higher learning. This place of cards could most likely come tumbling down if the present degrees of scholastic untrustworthiness keep enduring. The exploration work will proceed yet the income being created will decay. Invested individuals will contend that the across the board instances of cheating in your college don't legitimize the over the top research expenses being charged. (Callahan, 2004, p 72) Most scholastic researchers will never let it be known however the esteem that accompanies acquiring capabilities from a perceived establishment of higher learning had an impact when they chose to seek after advanced education. Heroes and set up athletes and ladies continue coming back to colleges to complete their degree courses paying little mind to the measure of riches they have amassed. Dislike getting a degree promises you a superior life coverage bundle or longer future; it is the thing that the degree speaks to. Amusingly, con artists likewise understand this. A college degree is a rubberstamp of information in today’s society. A few kin have whined that their kindred siblings or sisters are held in higher respect by their folks or family members since they went to a college (an esteemed one). Is this framework reasonable? Indeed it is on the grounds that being chosen to join a college and effectively finishing one’s course isn't a simple issue. I accept the individuals who have dealt with this accomplishment merit each award they get. This great is anyway dissolved by instances of scholarly deceptive nature. Such individuals wind up discoloring the names of the organizations in addition to the individuals who will go through its passages long after they are no more. There is a class framework in each general public and a vast lion's share of them are isolated by riches collected or the degree of training accomplished. Without getting into the advantages and disadvantages of a general public partitioned by class, the fact of the matter is in each general public there should be pioneers and adherents; you can't have both. A person’s instruction status has been a gauge for today’s pioneer. Changing this because of some incompetent acts of certain understudies who were gotten with den notes seems implausible however is conceivable if the issue gets endemic. (Bowman, 2004, p 26) Conclusion At its current â€Å"manageable levels† scholarly untrustworthiness should be cleared out since it affects the spirit of understudies who have decided to walk the straight way yet they are falling behind their partners who are cheating. The notoriety of advanced education will be protected just if its individuals regard its goals and standards. Shockingly, it is these equivalent individuals who are wrecking the framework however the buck despite everything stops with them in fixing the discolored picture. (Callahan, 2004, p 78) References Anderman E M, Murdock T B (2007) Psychology of Academic Cheating. Amsterdam; Boston, Elsevier Academic Press, pp 15-18 Bowman V, ed. (2004) The counterfeiting plague: An asset guide and CD-ROM instructional exercise for instructors and administrators, New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, pp 25-26 Callahan, D (2004) The tricking society: Why more Americans are fouling up to excel, Orlando, FL: Harcourt. Hayden and West Stacks, pp 69-78

Hades, Patron God of the Underworld in Greek Mythology

Hades, Patron God of the Underworld in Greek Mythology The Greeks considered him the Unseen One, the Wealthy One, Pluoton, and Dis. In any case, hardly any considered the god Hades daintily enough to call him by his name. While he isn't the lord of death (that is the unyielding Thanatos), Hades invited any new subjects to his realm, the Underworld, which likewise takes his name. The antiquated Greeks thought it best not to welcome his consideration. The Birth of Hades Hades was the child of the titan Cronos and sibling to the Olympian divine beings Zeus and Poseidon. Cronos, frightful of a child who might topple him as he vanquished his own dad Ouranos, gulped every one of his kids as they were conceived. Like his sibling Poseidon, he experienced childhood in the insides of Cronos, until the day when Zeus fooled the titan into regurgitating his kin. Rising triumphant after the resulting fight, Poseidon, Zeus, and Hades attracted parcels to split the world they had picked up. Hades drew the dull, despairing Underworld, and administered there encompassed by the shades of the dead, different beasts, and the sparkling abundance of the earth. Life in the Underworld For the Greek god Hades, the certainty of death guarantees an immense realm. Enthusiastic for spirits to cross the stream Styx and join fief, Hades is additionally the lord of appropriate entombment. (This would incorporate spirits left with cash to pay the boatman Charon for the intersection to Hades.) As such, Hades grumbled about Apollos child, the healer Asclepius, since he reestablished individuals to life, along these lines lessening Hades domains, and he dispensed the city of Thebes with plague likely on the grounds that they werent covering the killed accurately. Legends of Hades The fearsome divine force of the dead figures in hardly any stories (it was best not to discuss him to an extreme). Be that as it may, Hesiod relates the most acclaimed story of the Greek god, which is about how he took his sovereign Persephone. The little girl of Demeter, the goddess of agribusiness, Persephone grabbed the attention of the Wealthy One on one of his inconsistent excursions to the surface world. He snatched her in his chariot, driving her far beneath the earth and keeping her covertly. As her mom grieved, the universe of people wilted: Fields developed fruitless, trees toppled and withered. At the point when Demeter discovered that the abducting was Zeus thought, she whined boisterously to her sibling, who asked Hades to free the lady. In any case, before she rejoined the universe of light, Persephone participated in a couple of pomegranate seeds. Having eaten the food of the dead, she was constrained to come back to the Underworld. The arrangement made with Hades permitted Persephone to burn through 33% (later legends state one-portion) of the year with her mom, and the rest in the organization of her shades. Along these lines, to the antiquated Greeks, was the pattern of seasons and the yearly birth and passing of yields. Hades Fact Sheet Occupation:Â God, Lord of the Dead Group of Hades:Â Hades was a child of the Titans Cronos and Rhea. His siblings are Zeus and Poseidon. Hestia, Hera, and Demeter are Hades sisters. Offspring of Hades:Â These incorporate the Erinyes (the Furies), Zagreus (Dionysus), and Makaria (goddess of a favored demise) Different Names:Â Haides, Aides, Aidoneus, Zeus Katachthonios (Zeus under the earth). The Romans additionally knew him as Orcus. Attributes:Â Hades is portrayed as a dim unshaven man with a crown, staff, and key. Cerberus, a three-headed pooch, is frequently in his organization. He possesses a head protector of imperceptibility and a chariot. Sources:Â Ancient hotspots for Hades incorporate Apollodorus, Cicero, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, Ovid, Pausanias, Statius, and Strabo.

50 Must-Reads Books About LGBTQ History for Pride Month

50 Must-Reads Books About LGBTQ History for Pride Month Back in February, a story broke from popular UK magazine Attitude entitled, Young Queer People Shouldn’t Be Obliged to Care About LGBT History”. The article, by Dylan Jones, argues that queer kids are now “treated in much the same way as other kids”, they have out and proud queer role models, and are entering into a much more accepting world than those that came before them. Therefore, they should be allowed to be “carefree” and not hold the burden that older generations doâ€"the burden of friends and lovers lost to the AIDS crisis, the struggle of fighting for equal rights, the staggering numbers of LGBTQ+ suicides and substance abuse, the shame and abuse suffered as a result of what remains a predominantly heteronormative society. And while it’s true that things have gotten betterâ€"if you go to a Pride parade, it is more of a celebration than a protest as it used to beâ€"the fact remains that being queer comes with hardship. This is not to say that kids shouldn’t be allowed to be carefree, because they absolutely should, and we should find joy in the safety of acceptance. But the LGBTQ+ history is as essential to understanding society and ourselves as any other history, and it continues to be erased and silenced. Even now, the current American president has declined to recognize June as Pride Month, as it has been in the past. Queer people still face a unique threat of violence, with the massacre at Pulse nightclub still looming in recent history, and hate-related homocides increasing by 82% from 2016 to 2017. These numbers only increase when we talk about queer people of color and transgender people. When we know this to be true, how can we ignore the significance of queer history? How can we appreciate what we have without knowing where we came from? The truth is, we’re still celebrating Pride in June, whether 45 likes it or not. And part of Pride is carrying the weight of the queer past, knowing that LGBTQ+ folks have fought to find joy and love over the years and how special and exciting it is that we can find joy and love today. If you’re interested in learning more about queer history, here’s a good place to start. This is by no means a comprehensive list of books, as the history of LGBTQ+ people is intrinsically interwoven with, well, everythingâ€"but feeling connected to our past helps us connect to each other now. We celebrate not only the freedom we have found, but the work it took to get there. GENERAL A Queer History of the United States by Michael Bronski A Queer History of the United States  is more than a who’s who of queer history: it is a book that radically challenges how we understand American history. Drawing upon primary-source documents, literature, and cultural histories, scholar and activist Michael Bronski charts the breadth of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender history, from 1492 to the 1990s. A Desired Past: A Short History of Same-Sex Love in America by Leila J. Rupp With this book, Leila J. Rupp accomplishes what few scholars have even attempted: she combines a vast array of scholarship on supposedly discrete episodes in American history into an entertaining and entirely readable story of same-sex desire across the country and the centuries. Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past by Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vicinus, George Chauncey This richly revealing anthology brings together for the first time the vital new scholarly studies now lifting the veil from the gay and lesbian past. Such notable researchers as John Boswell, Shari Benstock, Carroll Smith-Rosenberg, Jeffrey Weeks and John D’Emilio illuminate gay and lesbian life as it evolved in places as diverse as the Athens of Plato, Renaissance Italy, Victorian London, jazz Age Harlem, Revolutionary Russia, Nazi Germany, Castro’s Cuba, post-World War II San Franciscoâ€"and peoples as varied as South African black miners, American Indians, Chinese courtiers, Japanese samurai, English schoolboys and girls, and urban working women. Gender and sexuality, repression and resistance, deviance and acceptance, identity and communityâ€"all are given a context in this fascinating work. Out for Good: The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America by Dudley Clendinen Writing about events within living memory is one of the hardest tasks for a historianâ€"there is too much information, too many perspectives. The authors of  Out for Good, both writers for the  New York Times, not only drew on extensive archival records but conducted nearly 700 interviews with the founders and opponents of the early gay rights movement. That they have been able to shape this unruly material into a convincing narrative is impressive enoughâ€"yet they have also managed to write one of the most dramatic and beautifully structured histories in recent years. Starting with the almost accidental Stonewall riots in 1969 and shifting between key cities and events, they track what they describe as the last great struggle for equal rights in American history. For homophile activists of the 1950s and early 1960s, that struggle had been about being left alone by police and politicians, but for those gathering to protest Stonewall, it was about defining themselves to society as ga y men and lesbians. While there are many memoirs and smaller studies of the era, no other book so graciously spans the 30-year period covered here. Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States by Joey L. Mogul A groundbreaking work that turns a queer eye on the criminal legal system,  Queer (In)Justice  is a searing examination of queer experiencesâ€"as suspects, defendants, prisoners, and survivors of crime. The authors unpack queer criminal archetypesâ€"like gleeful gay killers, lethal lesbians, disease spreaders, and ;deceptive gender bendersâ€"to illustrate the punishment of queer expression, regardless of whether a crime was ever committed. Tracing stories from the streets to the bench to behind prison bars, they prove that the policing of sex and gender both bolsters and reinforces racial and gender inequalities. Queer America: A Peoples GLBT History of the United States by Vicki L. Eaklor Queer America,  provides a decade-by-decade overview of major issues and events in GLBT history including the Harlem Renaissance, changes in military policy, the Stonewall riots, organizations and alliances, AIDS, same-sex marriage, representation in the media, and legal battles. Eaklor brings the steady hand and perspective of an historian to the task of writing a sweeping work of narrative nonfiction that is both meaningful and relevant to all Americans.  Queer America  includes a rich array of visual materials, including sidebars highlighting major debates and vignettes focusing on key individuals. A timeline and further reading sections conclude each chapter; a full bibliography and black-and-white images enhance the text. Queer America is destined to become an indispensable resource for students, teachers, and general readers alike. Queer: A Graphic History by Dr. Meg-John Barker Activist-academic Meg-John Barker and cartoonist Julia Scheele illuminate the histories of queer thought and LGBTQ+ action in this groundbreaking non-fiction graphic novel. A kaleidoscope of characters from the diverse worlds of pop-culture, film, activism and academia guide us on a journey through the ideas, people and events that have shaped ‘queer theory’. From identity politics and gender roles to privilege and exclusion,  Queer  explores how we came to view sex, gender and sexuality in the ways that we do; how these ideas get tangled up with our culture and our understanding of biology, psychology and sexology; and how these views have been disputed and challenged. Sexual Minorities and Politics by Jason Pierceson The political representation and involvement of sexual minorities in the United States has been highly contested and fiercely debated. As recent legislative and judicial victories create inroads towards equality for this growing population, members and advocates of these minorities navigate evolving political and legal systems while continuing to fight against societal and institutional resistance.  Sexual Minorities and Politics  is the first textbook to provide students with an up-to-date, thorough, and comprehensive overview of the historical, political, and legal status of sexual and gender minorities. The Gay Revolution: The Story of the Struggle by Lillian Faderman The Gay Revolution  begins in the 1950s, when gays and lesbians were criminals, psychiatrists saw them as mentally ill, churches saw them as sinners, and society victimized them with hatred. Against this dark backdrop, a few brave people began to fight back, paving the way for the revolutionary changes of the 1960s and beyond. Faderman discusses the protests in the 1960s; the counter reaction of the 1970s and early eighties; the decimated but united community during the AIDS epidemic; and the current hurdles for the right to marriage equality. Unspeakable: The Rise of the Gay and Lesbian Press in America by Rodger Streitmatter Unspeakable documents the major phases in the evolution of the gay and lesbian press while providing a window into the history of the movement, from the era of McCarthyism to the militancy of the 60s and the Stonewall Riots, from the liberality of the 70s to the issue of AIDS in the 80s and the outing of the 90s GAY Gay Voices of the Harlem Renaissance (Blacks in the Diaspora) by A.B. Christa Schwarz This groundbreaking study explores the Harlem Renaissance as a literary phenomenon fundamentally shaped by same-sex-interested men. Christa Schwarz focuses on Countée Cullen, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Richard Bruce Nugent and explores these writers’ sexually dissident or gay literary voices. The portrayals of men-loving men in these writers’ works vary significantly. Schwarz locates in the poetry of Cullen, Hughes, and McKay the employment of contemporary gay code words, deriving from the Greek discourse of homosexuality and from Walt Whitman. By contrast, Nugentâ€"the only out gay Harlem Renaissance artistâ€"portrayed men-loving men without reference to racial concepts or Whitmanesque codes. Schwarz argues for contemporary readings attuned to the complex relation between race, gender, and sexual orientation in Harlem Renaissance writing. Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century by Graham Robb The nineteenth century was a golden age for those people known variously as sodomites, Uranians, monosexuals, and homosexuals. Long before Stonewall and Gay Pride, there was such a thing as gay culture, and it was recognized throughout Europe and America. Graham Robb, brilliant biographer of Balzac, Hugo, and Rimbaud, examines how homosexuals were treated by society and finds a tale of surprising tolerance. He describes the lives of gay men and women: how they discovered their sexuality and accepted or disguised it; how they came out; how they made contact with like-minded people. The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America by Charles Kaiser New York Times  Notable Book of the Year and winner of a  Lambda Literary Award,  The Gay Metropolis  is a landmark saga of struggle and triumph that was instantly recognized as the most authoritative and substantial work of its kind. Filled with astounding anecdotes and searing tales of heartbreak and transformation, it provides a decade-by-decade account of the rise and acceptance of gay life and identity since the 1940s. From the making of  West Side Story,  the modern Romeo and Juliet tale written and staged by four gay men, to the catastrophic era of AIDS, Charles Kaiser recounts the true history of the gay movement with many never-before-told stories. Filled with dazzling charactersâ€"including Leonard Bernstein, Montgomery Clift, Alfred Hitchcock, and John F. Kennedy, among many othersâ€"this is a vital telling of American history, exciting and uplifting. LESBIAN New Lesbian Studies by Bonnie Zimmerman and Toni McNaron Forty essays arranged in six parts explore the history of lesbian studies as well as its current impact on conceptions of identity and community, teaching, academic disciplines, university practices, and the development of feminist and queer theories. The collection offers stirring personal testimony; multicultural and international perspectives and established and new voices; strategies for integrating lesbian studies into the curriculum; and contributions from lesbians working in libraries, athletic departments, and students services. Throughout, the contributors address the ways in which lesbian studies has transformed and will continue to transform traditional disciplines, practices, and thought. With its multicultural, multidisciplinary breadth and its unique emphasis on theory, practice, and activism,  The New Lesbian Studies  speaks to a broad audience of students, activists, and scholars. Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America by Lillian Faderman As Lillian Faderman writes, there are no constants with regard to lesbianism, except that lesbians prefer women. In this groundbreaking book, she reclaims the history of lesbian life in twentieth-century America, tracing the evolution of lesbian identity and subcultures from early networks to more recent diverse lifestyles. She draws from journals, unpublished manuscripts, songs, media accounts, novels, medical literature, pop culture artifacts, and oral histories by lesbians of all ages and backgrounds, uncovering a narrative of uncommon depth and originality. Sapphistries: A Global History of Love between Women by Leila J. Rupp From the ancient poet Sappho to  tombois  in contemporary Indonesia, women throughout history and around the globe have desired, loved, and had sex with other women. In beautiful prose,  Sapphistries  tells their stories, capturing the multitude of ways that diverse societies have shaped female same-sex sexuality across time and place. Leila J. Rupp reveals how, from the time of the very earliest societies, the possibility of love between women has been known, even when it is feared, ignored, or denied. We hear women in the sex-segregated spaces of convents and harems whispering words of love. We see women beginning to find each other on the streets of London and Amsterdam, in the aristocratic circles of Paris, in the factories of Shanghai. We find women’s desire and love for women meeting the light of day as Japanese schoolgirls fall in love, and lesbian bars and clubs spread from 1920s Berlin to 1950s Buffalo. And we encounter a world of difference in the twenty-first century, as transnational concepts and lesbian identities meet local understandings of how two women might love each other. BISEXUAL A History of Bisexuality by Steven Angelides Why is bisexuality the object of such skepticism? Why do sexologists steer clear of it in their research? Why has bisexuality, in stark contrast to homosexuality, only recently emerged as a nascent political and cultural identity? Bisexuality has been rendered as mostly irrelevant to the history, theory, and politics of sexuality. With  A History of Bisexuality, Steven Angelides explores the reasons why, and invites us to rethink our preconceptions about sexual identity. Retracing the evolution of sexology, and revisiting modern epistemological categories of sexuality in psychoanalysis, gay liberation, social constructionism, queer theory, biology, and human genetics, Angelides argues that bisexuality has historically functioned as the structural other to sexual identity itself, undermining assumptions about heterosexuality and homosexuality.  In a book that will become the center of debate about the nature of sexuality for years to come,  A History of Bisexuality  compels us to reth ink contemporary discourses of sexual theory and politics. Bisexuality and the Eroticism of Everyday Life by Marjorie Garber In this witty, learned, and scrupulously researched book, the author examines bisexuality and its many modes through a variety of critical lenses: cultural, literary, and psychological. Bisexuality is a monumental inquiry into what normal might mean, and just how difficult it is to make claims about sexuality, someone elses or ones own. Bisexuality in the Ancient World by Eva Cantarella In this readable and thought-provoking history of bisexuality in the classical age, Eva Cantarella draws on the full range of sources?from legal texts, inscriptions, and medical documents to poetry and philosophical literature?to reconstruct and compare the bisexual cultures of Athens and Rome. TRANS Second Skins: The Body Narratives of Transsexuality by Jay Prosser Do we need bodies for sex? Is gender in the head or in the body? In  Second Skins  Jay Prosser reveals the powerful drive that leads men and women literally to shed their skins andâ€"in flesh and headâ€"to cross the boundary of sex. Telling their story is not merely an act that comes after the fact, its a force of its own that makes it impossible to forget that stories of identity inhabit autobiographical bodies. In this stunning first extensive study of transsexual autobiography, Jay Prosser examines the exchanges between body and narrative that constitute the phenomenon of transsexuality. Showing how transsexualitys somatic transitions are spurred and enabled by the formal transitions of narrative, Prosser uncovers a narrative tradition for transsexual bodies. Sex change is a plotâ€"and thus appropriately transsexuals make for adept and absorbing authors. In reading the transssexual plot through transsexuals own recounting, Prosser not only gives us a new and more accurate renditio n of transsexuality. His book suggests transsexuality, with its extraordinary conjunctions of body and narrative, as an identity story that transitions across the body/language divide that currently stalls post-structuralist thought. Transgender History by Susan Stryker Covering American transgender history from the mid-twentieth century to today, Transgender History takes a chronological approach to the subject of transgender history, with each chapter covering major movements, writings, and events. Chapters cover the transsexual and transvestite communities in the years following World War II; trans radicalism and social change, which spanned from 1966 with the publication of The Transsexual Phenomenon, and lasted through the early 1970s; the mid-70s to 1990â€"the era of identity politics and the changes witnessed in trans circles through these years; and the gender issues witnessed through the 90s and 00s. Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman by Leslie Fienberg In this fascinating, personal journey through history, Leslie Feinberg uncovers persuasive evidence that there have always been people who crossed the cultural boundaries of gender.  Transgender Warriors  is an eye-opening jaunt through the history of gender expression and a powerful testament to the rebellious spirit. INTERSECTIONAL Asegi Stories: Cherokee Queer and Two-Spirit Memory by Qwo-Li Driskill As the first full-length work of scholarship to develop a tribally specific Indigenous Queer or Two-Spirit critique,  Asegi Stories  examines gender and sexuality in Cherokee cultural memory, how they shape the present, and how they can influence the future. The theoretical and methodological underpinnings of  Asegi Stories  derive from activist, artistic, and intellectual genealogies, referred to as dissent lines by Maori scholar Linda Tuhiwai Smith. Driskill intertwines Cherokee and other Indigenous traditions, women of color feminisms, grassroots activisms, queer and Trans studies and politics, rhetoric, Native studies, and decolonial politics. Drawing from oral histories and archival documents in order to articulate Cherokee-centered Two-Spirit critiques, Driskill contributes to the larger intertribal movements for social justice. Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings  by Juana Maria Rodriguez Centered on the sexuality of racialized queer female subjects, the book’s varied archiveâ€"which includes burlesque border crossings, daddy play, pornography, sodomy laws, and sovereignty claimsâ€"seeks to bring to the fore alternative sexual practices and machinations that exist outside the sightlines of mainstream cosmopolitan gay male culture. Situating articulations of sexual subjectivity between the interpretive poles of law and performance, Rodríguez argues that forms of agency continually mediate among these various structures of legibilityâ€"the rigid confines of the law and the imaginative possibilities of the performative. She reads the strategies of Puerto Rican activists working toward self-determination alongside sexual performances on stage, in commercial pornography, in multi-media installations, on the dance floor, and in the bedroom. Rodríguez examines not only how projections of racialized sex erupt onto various discursive mediums but also how the confluence of racial and gendered anxieties seeps into the gestures and utterances of sexual acts, kinship structures, and activist practices. Ultimately,  Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings  reveals ­â€"in lyrical style and explicit detail ­â€"how sex has been deployed in contemporary queer communities in order to radically reconceptualize sexual politics. Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity by C. Riley Snorton Drawing on a deep and varied archive of materialsâ€"early sexological texts, fugitive slave narratives, Afro-modernist literature, sensationalist journalism, Hollywood filmsâ€"Snorton attends to how slavery and the production of racialized gender provided the foundations for an understanding of gender as mutable. In tracing the twinned genealogies of blackness and transness, Snorton follows multiple trajectories, from the medical experiments conducted on enslaved black women by J. Marion Sims, the “father of American gynecology,” to the negation of blackness that makes transnormativity possible. Black Queer Studies: A Critical Anthology by E. Patrick Johnson, Mae G. Henderson Bringing together essays by established and emergent scholars, this collection assesses the strengths and weaknesses of prior work on race and sexuality and highlights the theoretical and political issues at stake in the nascent field of black queer studies. Including work by scholars based in English, film studies, black studies, sociology, history, political science, legal studies, cultural studies, and performance studies, the volume showcases the broadly interdisciplinary nature of the black queer studies project. The contributors consider representations of the black queer body, black queer literature, the pedagogical implications of black queer studies, and the ways that gender and sexuality have been glossed over in black studies and race and class marginalized in queer studies. Whether exploring the closet as a racially loaded metaphor, arguing for the inclusion of diaspora studies in black queer studies, considering how the black lesbian voice that was so expressive in the 1 970s and 1980s is all but inaudible today, or investigating how the social sciences have solidified racial and sexual exclusionary practices, these insightful essays signal an important and necessary expansion of queer studies. Borderlands  /    La Frontera  by Gloria Anzaldua Rooted in Gloria Anzaldúas experience as a Chicana, a lesbian, an activist, and a writer, the essays and poems in this volume profoundly challenged, and continue to challenge, how we think about identity.  Borderlands / La Frontera  remaps our understanding of what a border is, presenting it not as a simple divide between here and there, us and them, but as a psychic, social, and cultural terrain that we inhabit, and that inhabits all of us. Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability Robert McRuer Crip Theory  attends to the contemporary cultures of disability and queerness that are coming out all over. Both disability studies and queer theory are centrally concerned with how bodies, pleasures, and identities are represented as normal or as abject, but  Crip Theory  is the first book to analyze thoroughly the ways in which these interdisciplinary fields inform each other. Drawing on feminist theory, African American and Latino/a cultural theories, composition studies, film and television studies, and theories of globalization and counter-globalization, Robert McRuer articulates the central concerns of crip theory and considers how such a critical perspective might impact cultural and historical inquiry in the humanities. Disidentification by Jose Esteban Muñoz José Esteban Muñoz looks at how those outside the racial and sexual mainstream negotiate majority cultureâ€"not by aligning themselves with or against exclusionary works but rather by transforming these works for their own cultural purposes. Muñoz calls this process “disidentification,” and through a study of its workings, he develops a new perspective on minority performance, survival, and activism.  By examining the process of identification in the work of filmmakers, performance artists, ethnographers, Cuban choteo, forms of gay male mass culture (such as pornography), museums, art photography, camp and drag, and television, Muñoz persistently points to the intersecting and short-circuiting of identities and desires that result from misalignments with the cultural and ideological mainstream in contemporary urban America. Queer Indigenous Studies by Qwo-Li Driskill The collection notably engages Indigenous GLBTQ2 movements as alliances that also call for allies beyond their bounds, which the co-editors and contributors model by crossing their varied identities, including Native trans, straight non-Native feminist, Two-Spirit mixed blood, and queer. Rooted in the Indigenous Americas and the Pacific and drawing on disciplines ranging from literature to anthropology, contributors to Queer Indigenous Studies call Indigenous GLBTQ2 movements and allies to center an analysis that critiques the relationship between colonialism and heteropatriarchy. By answering critical turns in Indigenous scholarship that center Indigenous epistemologies and methodologies, contributors join in reshaping Native studies, queer studies, transgender studies, and Indigenous feminisms. Based on the reality that queer Indigenous people experience multilayered oppression that profoundly impacts our safety, health, and survival, this book is at once an imagining and an invita tion to the reader to join in the discussion of decolonizing queer Indigenous research and theory, and by doing so, to partake in allied resistance working toward positive change. Queering the Color Line: Race and the Invention of Homosexuality in American Culture by Siobhan B. Somerville Queering the Color Line  transforms previous understandings of how homosexuality was invented as a category of identity in the United States beginning in the late nineteenth century. Analyzing a range of sources, including sexology texts, early cinema, and African American literature, Siobhan B. Somerville argues that the emerging understanding of homosexuality depended on the context of the black/white “color line,” the dominant system of racial distinction during this period. This book thus critiques and revises tendencies to treat race and sexuality as unrelated categories of analysis, showing instead that race has historically been central to the cultural production of homosexuality. QUEER THEORY TEXTS Cruising Utopia by Jose Esteban Muñoz José Esteban Muñoz recalls the queer past for guidance in presaging its future. He considers the work of seminal artists and writers such as Andy Warhol, LeRoi Jones, Frank O’Hara, Ray Johnson, Fred Herko, Samuel Delany, and Elizabeth Bishop, alongside contemporary performance and visual artists like Dynasty Handbag, My Barbarian, Luke Dowd, Tony Just, and Kevin McCarty in order to decipher the anticipatory illumination of art and its uncanny ability to open windows to the future. In a startling repudiation of what the LGBT movement has held dear, Muñoz contends that queerness is instead a futurity bound phenomenon, a not yet here that critically engages pragmatic presentism. Part manifesto, part love-letter to the past and the future,  Cruising Utopia  argues that the here and now are not enough and issues an urgent call for the revivification of the queer political imagination. Epistemology of the Closet by Eve Segwick Since the late 1980s, queer studies and theory have become vital to the intellectual and political life of the United States. This has been due, in no small degree, to the influence of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwicks critically acclaimed  Epistemology of the Closet.  Working from classic texts of European and American writersâ€"including Melville, James, Nietzsche, Proust, and Wildeâ€"Sedgwick analyzes a turn-of-the-century historical moment in which sexual orientation became as important a demarcation of personhood as gender had been for centuries. The History of Sexuality by Michel Foucault Foucaults text is one of the cornerstones of modern sexuality theory. While this doesnt focus entirely on queerness, understanding Foucault will inform many further queer theory texts. Michel Foucault offers an iconoclastic exploration of why we feel compelled to continually analyze and discuss sex, and of the social and mental mechanisms of power that cause us to direct the questions of what we are to what our sexuality is. The Trouble with Normal: Sex, Politics and the Ethics of Queer Life by Michael Warner Warner presents a piercing and cogent analysis of the politics of shame and the stigma of sexual identity. He offers an alternative ethical vision that proclaims sex is as varied as the people who have it, and honesty and morality are not limited to those with a marriage license. His powerful indictment of all thats wrong with the trend to normalize will spark heated debate among all readers; gay and straight, liberal and conservative. PERIOD SPECIFIC, STONEWALL THE AIDS EPIDEMIC And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts Shilts expose revealed why AIDS was allowed to spread unchecked during the early 80s while the most trusted institutions ignored or denied the threat. One of the few true modern classics, it changed and framed how AIDS was discussed in the following years. Coming Out Under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II by Allan Bérubé During World War II, as the United States called on its citizens to serve in unprecedented numbers, the presence of gay Americans in the armed forces increasingly conflicted with the expanding antihomosexual policies and procedures of the military. In  Coming Out Under Fire, Allan Berube examines in depth and detail these social and political confrontationâ€"not as a story of how the military victimized homosexuals, but as a story of how a dynamic power relationship developed between gay citizens and their government, transforming them both. Drawing on GIs wartime letters, extensive interviews with gay veterans, and declassified military documents, Berube thoughtfully constructs a startling history of the two wars gay military men and women foughtâ€"one for America and another as homosexuals within the military. The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government by David K. Johnson The Lavender Scare  masterfully  traces the origins of contemporary sexual politics to Cold War hysteria over national security. Drawing on newly declassified documents and interviews with former government officials, historian David Johnson chronicles how the myth that homosexuals threatened national security determined government policy for decades, ruined thousands of lives, and pushed many to suicide. As Johnson shows, this myth not only outlived McCarthy but, by the 1960s, helped launch a new civil rights struggle. After Silence: A History of AIDS through Its Images by Avram Finkelstein Early in the 1980s AIDS epidemic, six gay activists created one of the most iconic and lasting images that would come to symbolize a movement: a protest poster of a pink triangle with the words Silence = Death. The graphic and the slogan still resonate today, often usedâ€"and misusedâ€"to brand the entire movement. Cofounder of the collective Silence = Death and member of the art collective Gran Fury, Avram Finkelstein tells the story of how his work and other  protest artwork associated with the early years of the pandemic were created. Stonewall: Breaking Out in the Fight for Gay Rights by Ann Bausum In 1969 being gay in the United States was a criminal offense. People went to jail, lost jobs, and were disowned by their families for being gay. There were few safe havens. The Stonewall Inn, a Mafia-run, filthy, overpriced bar in New York City’s Greenwich Village, was one of them. Police raids on gay bars happened regularly in this era. But one hot June night, when cops pounded on the door of the Stonewall, almost nothing went as planned. Tensions were high. The crowd refused to go away. Anger and frustration boiled over. The raid became a riot. The riot became a catalyst. The catalyst triggered an explosive demand for gay rights. A riveting exploration of the Stonewall Riots and the national Gay Rights movement that followed is eye-opening, unflinching, and inspiring. Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution by David Carter In 1969, a series of riots over police action against The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York Citys Greenwich Village, changed the longtime landscape of the homosexual in society literally overnight. Since then the event itself has become the stuff of legend, with relatively little hard information available on the riots themselves. Now, based on hundreds of interviews, an exhaustive search of public and previously sealed files, and over a decade of intensive research into the history and the topic,  Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution  brings this singular event to vivid life in this, the definitive story of one of historys most singular events QUEER MEDIA David Bowie Made Me Gay: 100 Years of LGBT Music by Darryl W. Bullock With the advent of recording technology, LGBT messages were for the first time brought to the forefront of popular music.  David Bowie Made Me Gay  uncovers the lives of the people who made these records, and offers a lively canter through the scarcely documented history of LGBT music-makers. Darryl W. Bullock discusses how gay, lesbian, and bisexual performers influenced Jazz and Blues; examines the almost forgotten Pansy Craze in the years between the two World Wars (when many LGBT performers were feted by royalty and Hollywood alike); chronicles the dark years after the depression when gay life was driven deep underground; celebrates the re-emergence of LGBT performers in the post-Stonewall years; and highlights today’s most legendary out-gay pop stars: Elton John, Boy George, Freddie Mercury, and George Michael. Queer Images: A History of Gay and Lesbian Film in America by Harry M. Benshoff Queer Images  surveys a wide variety of films, individuals, and subcultures, including the work of discreetly homosexual filmmakers during Hollywoods Golden Age; classical Hollywoods (failed) attempt to purge sex perversion from films; the development of gay male camp in Hollywood cinema; queer exploitation films and gay physique films; the queerness of 1960s Underground Film practice; independent lesbian documentaries and experimental films; cinematic responses to the AIDS crisis; the rise and impact of New Queer Cinema; the growth of LGBT film festivals; and how contemporary Hollywood deals with queer issues. The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies by Vito Russo By examining the images of homosexuality and gender variance in Hollywood films from the 1920s to the present, Russo traced a history not only of how gay men and lesbians had been erased or demonized in movies but in all of American culture as well. Chronicling the depictions of gay people such as the sissy roles of Edward Everett Horton and Franklin Pangborn in 1930s comedies or predatory lesbians in 1950s dramas (see Lauren Bacall in  Young Man with a Horn  and Barbara Stanwyck in  Walk on the Wild Side), Russo details how homophobic stereotypes have both reflected and perpetrated the oppression of gay people. QUEER ICONS MEMOIRS Becoming a Man: Half a Life Story  by Paul Monette A child of the 1950s from a small New England town, perfect Paul earns straight As and shines in social and literary pursuits, all the while keeping a secretâ€"from himself and the rest of the world. Struggling to be, or at least to imitate, a straight man, through Ivy League halls of privilege and bohemian travels abroad, loveless intimacy and unrequited passion, Paul Monette was haunted, and finally saved, by a dream of the thing Id never even seen: two men in love and laughing.' Boy Erased: A Memoir by Garrad Conley The son of a Baptist pastor and deeply embedded in church life in small town Arkansas, as a young man Garrard Conley was terrified and conflicted about his sexuality. When Garrard was a nineteen-year-old college student, he was outed to his parents, and was forced to make a life-changing decision: either agree to attend a church-supported conversion therapy program that promised to cure him of homosexuality; or risk losing family, friends, and the God he had prayed to every day of his life. Through an institutionalized Twelve-Step Program heavy on Bible study, he was supposed to emerge heterosexual, ex-gay, cleansed of impure urges and stronger in his faith in God for his brush with sin. Instead, even when faced with a harrowing and brutal journey, Garrard found the strength and understanding to break out in search of his true self and forgiveness. Boy Erased is Conleys memoir of his time in a gay conversion program, and the way it impacted his life. Christopher and His Kind: A Memoir, 1929-1939 by Christopher Isherwood Originally published in 1976,  Christopher and His Kind  covers the most memorable ten years in the writers lifeâ€"from 1928, when Christopher Isherwood left England to spend a week in Berlin and decided to stay there indefinitely, to 1939, when he arrived in America.  What most impressed the first readers of this memoir, however, was the candor with which he describes his life in gay Berlin of the 1930s and his struggles to save his companion, a German man named Heinz, from the Nazis. How to Write an Autobiographical Novel by Alexander Chee How to Write an Autobiographical Novel  is the author’s manifesto on the entangling of life, literature, and politics, and how the lessons learned from a life spent reading and writing fiction have changed him. In these essays, he grows from student to teacher, reader to writer, and reckons with his identities as a son, a gay man, a Korean American, an artist, an activist, a lover, and a friend. He examines some of the most formative experiences of his life and the nation’s history, including his father’s death, the AIDS crisis, 9/11, the jobs that supported his writingâ€"Tarot-reading, bookselling, cater-waiting for William F. Buckleyâ€"the writing of his first novel,  Edinburgh,  and the election of Donald Trump. Redefining Realness by Janet Mock With unflinching honesty and moving prose, Janet Mock relays her experiences of growing up young, multiracial, poor, and trans in America, offering readers accessible language while imparting vital insight about the unique challenges and vulnerabilities of a marginalized and misunderstood population The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk by Randy Shilts Known as The Mayor of Castro Street even before he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, Harvey Milks personal and political life is a story full of personal tragedies and political intrigues, assassinations at City Hall, massive riots in the streets, the miscarriage of justice, and the consolidation of gay power and gay hope. Tomorrow Will Be Different: Love, Loss, and the Fight for Trans Equality by Sarah McBride Before she became the first transgender person to speak at a national political convention in 2016 at the age of twenty-six, Sarah McBride struggled with the decision to come outâ€"not just to her family but to the students of American University, where she was serving as student body president. She’d known she was a girl from her earliest memories, but it wasn’t until the Facebook post announcing her truth went viral that she realized just how much impact her story could have on the country. McBrides memoir chronicles her coming out and her life as an activist.

How Do Anxiety Blankets Work

How Do Anxiety Blankets Work GAD Coping Print How Do Anxiety Blankets Work? By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 17, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 25, 2019 Tara Moore / Getty Images More in GAD Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Weighted Blankets Deep Pressure Stimulation Calming The Nervous System How They Work Weights and Sizes Other Factors Precautions Lap Pads View All Back To Top The warmth of a soft, cozy blanket can feel wonderful when we are sleepy, exhausted and ready to relax. But what about when we feel anxious? Could a blanket also offer that same sense of comfort to help us relax when our bodies and minds dont feel relaxed at all? Anxiety blankets are weighted blankets, also sometimes referred to as gravity blankets, that have been used in many hospitals and therapeutic programs for years. More recently, anxiety blankets have become more mainstream as people have come to know the many benefits of using a weighted blanket at home. Weighted Blankets Weighted blankets were previously best known for being used in a type of occupational therapy called sensory integration therapy. Sensory integration therapy is used to help people with autism, or other sensory disorders, to focus on regulating sensory experiences. This approach is used with the understanding that when the therapy is used in a structured, repetitive way, the person learns to process and react to sensations more effectively. Blankets have offered a safe sensory experience that can be used easily and in a non-threatening way. Deep Pressure Stimulation A weighted blanket offers something called deep pressure stimulation. Again, often traditionally used with those who are challenged with sensory processing conditions, deep pressure stimulation helps calm an overstimulated system. When applied properly, this pressure, often to be thought of as the same pressure experienced with a warm hug or embrace, a massage, or cuddling, can help the body switch from running its sympathetic nervous system to its parasympathetic nervous system. The blanket offers an evenly distributed, gentle pressure on a large area of the body at one time, creating a sense of calm and safety for those who feel anxious or overstimulated. Calming Our Nervous System The body is a complex structure, with systems in place to help us regulate our functions and navigate our world. Our autonomic nervous system regulates our bodys unconscious functions, such as breathing, heart rate, blood circulation, and reflexes. These are, essentially, the ways that our body functions every day without us having to think about it. For example, we can breathe without having to think about taking a breath. If we could only breathe when we intentionally think about it, we would never be able to get anything else done! When we become stressed or alerted to a threat in our environment, our sympathetic nervous system registers that danger is coming, kicks into gear and says Ill help you! The sympathetic nervous system is what help us distinguish whether we need a flight or fight response. It uses the information we are taking in and tries to help us quickly decide how to respond in order to survive that moment. As helpful as this is for our survival, it is common for people in our modern society to be in constant fight or flight mode at work, at home, in our relationships, with responsibilities and obligations. Living under this constant pressure can cause our sympathetic nervous system to operate on overdrive and can lead to us experiencing things like: Accelerated heart rateConstricted blood vesselsPupil dilationGoose bumpsSweatingRise in blood pressureSlower digestion When we are experiencing prolonged stress and anxiety, our sympathetic nervous system is shooting out signals to areas all over our body to alert us that we are in the face of a threat and we need to fight or flee. The trouble is that when we are experiencing everyday stress, such as work, deadlines, worries, family responsibilities, and hectic schedules, we are not usually in a dangerous and life-threatening situation. So, even though we are not in physical danger, our body is sending and receiving all of these signals and trying to regulate itself, feeling overwhelmed, overloaded and overstimulated. Our overwhelmed system causes us to experience anxiety, sometimes resulting in episodes of panic. The use of a weighted anxiety blanket, using pressure stimulation, offers our body a chance to switch from the fight or flight mode of our sympathetic nervous system to a rest and digest mode that is regulated by our parasympathetic nervous system. When our body gets the signal that it doesnt need to be on guard anymore and that it is safe, the parasympathetic nervous system has a chance to kick in to help our body calm down, regulate and find balance. How Exactly Does Stress Affect Sleep? How They Work There are many designs of weighted anxiety blankets, especially as they have become more popular and mainstream. Most blankets are made with cotton or cotton blends, making them more durable and easier for washing and maintaining. There are also microbial covers that can be used for weighted blankets to help minimize the spreading of germs, especially when the blankets are used in a hospital or treatment center setting. Companies offer a variety of fabrics so people have options for personal comfort and style. Anxiety blankets are often filled with a form of small plastic pellets. Most blanket brands describe the plastic they use as being BPA free and FDA compliant. There are some companies that use glass beads which are described as the texture of sand, that can help to create a lower profile, less bulky, blanket. To make sure the weight of the blanket is evenly distributed for maximum effectiveness of the intended pressure stimulation, blankets are often designed with a pattern of squares, similar to a quilt. Each square has the same amount of pellets to ensure consistent pressure across the blanket and sometimes filled with a bit of polyfil as you might find in a traditional comforter or pillow, for added cushion and comfort. Weights and Sizes Anxiety blankets are available in a variety of sizes and weights, depending on personal preference, as well as the age and size of the person using the blanket. Weighted blankets are commonly available in weight ranges from 5-25 pounds. Although this may sound pretty heavy, remember that the weight is being distributed evenly across the entire surface area of the blanket. The intent is for the person using the blanket to feel a consistent amount of gentle pressure across their body. What Weight Is Best for You? Before deciding on what weight of blanket to use for yourself or your loved one, it is best to talk with your doctor to determine what will be most helpful and effective. It is a good idea to let your healthcare provider know why you are wanting to use a weighted blanket, how you are hoping it will help and allow them to talk with you about an appropriate weight based on your age, size and body weight. SensaCalm, a leading company specializing in therapeutic products such as weighted blankets, suggests calculating the appropriate weight of a blanket with the following formula: Appropriate weight of blanket 10 percent of body weight plus three pounds. So, for example, to calculate an appropriate weight of blanket for someone who weighs 170 pounds: 10 percent of 170 17 173 20 pounds Using this example, a person weighing about 170 pounds may benefit from a weighted anxiety blanket of 20 pounds. It is recommended that weighted anxiety blankets do not exceed 15 percent of the users body weight. Other Factors Another thing to consider is height. There are a variety of sizes of anxiety blankets available, just as you would find with traditional blankets or comforters. Some companies size their blankets by bed sizes, such as twin, full, queen and king. Other companies size their blankets by small, medium, large and extra-large. It is important to keep in mind the age and height of a person, as well as where you will most often be using the blanket. For example, you may want to use your blanket at night as a bed covering while you sleep, or you may prefer a more portable version to use while lounging on the couch, watching television or reading a good book. Precautions Remember that weighted anxiety blankets are considered a therapeutic tool, so it is a good idea to talk with your doctor or other healthcare professional before purchasing and using an anxiety blanket. Weighted blankets are not recommended for infants. Although companies have varied guidelines and recommendations, it is generally noted that weighted blankets are not intended for use by children two years old or younger. When children are unable to move freely while sleeping or lack adequate muscle strength, the blanket can be a danger even at lighter weights. Again, as with other therapeutic tools, it is important to talk with your healthcare provider about a size and weight of blanket that would be safest and most effective. It is suggested that weighted anxiety blankets not be used if you are challenged with the following: Unregulated blood pressureFragile skinDiabetesCirculation problemsBreathing problems like sleep apnea or asthmaSkin rashesOpen wounds Weighted blankets are not to be used by children under the age of two years old. A child using a weighted blanket must be able to move the blanket on their own, at their will. If they are unable to do that for any reason, a weighted blanket is not recommended. In addition, weighted anxiety blankets are never to be used as a restraint. What Else Are Weighted Blankets Used For? Weighted anxiety blankets are meant to offer the pressure of a warm hug, bringing a calming effect and signaling to the body that it is safe. This is very beneficial to those who struggle with anxiety and panic, as it can calm our bodies and allow it to switch from that overstimulated sympathetic nervous system to the parasympathetic nervous system that allows our body to better relax. In addition to anxiety, there are other things that weighted blankets are known to help with as well, including: InsomniaChronic painFibromyalgiaRestless legsStressPost-traumatic stress disorderDementiaDepression In addition to anxiety, one of the top reasons people reportedly purchase weighted blankets is for better sleep at night. With an estimated 25 percent of people in the United States developing insomnia each year, it is understandable how weighted blankets have become popular. Understanding how the pressure stimulation helps to calm our system, weighted blankets offer a healthy way to find better, more restful sleep without the use of over the counter sleep aids or prescribed medication. Lap Pads What if you want to feel the benefit of a weighted blanket at work or while traveling? Toting a weighted anxiety blanket around may not always be an option. However, there is a more portable option available for use outside of the home or while on the go. Weighted lap pads offer the same pressure stimulation effect on a smaller scale, offering portability and convenience. Using a lap pad can help with things like: FocusAttentionProductivityStillnessCalming Although lap pads can be created in variety of sizes, a typical lap pad measures anywhere from 12 x 18 up to 18 x 18 depending on the needs and size of the user. Beads used in the fill of the blanket are the same and the even distribution of the weight by using quilted squares is the same in the lap pads as with the larger blankets. The recommended weight of a lap pad is approximately two pounds since the surface area of the body being covered is less than when using a blanket. Some companies will create a heavier weighted pad, however, it is highly recommended that the weight of a lap pad not exceed 5 percent of the users body weight. For example, our 170-pound person we used as an example for the blanket would benefit from a lap pad weighing in the range of 2-8 lbs. Lap pads can be a nice option for students, therapeutic patients or adults who work in an environment where they might sit at a desk for long periods of time. If you are in a job that tends to leave you feeling stressed and anxious, a lap pad could be a nice tool to use to increase your sense of calm while also increasing your focus and productivity. A Word From Verywell If you struggle with anxiety, you know how hard it can feel at times to find a sense of relief. While appropriate treatment with counseling and medication management can certainly be helpful, a weighted anxiety blanket can offer an additional therapeutic resource that can be used without any worry of harmful side effects. Even when you are utilizing some great cognitive-behavioral tools to help minimize anxiety, the use of a weighted blanket can offer additional calm. With the use of pressure stimulation, such as what we would experience with a warm hug, a massage or cuddling, the anxiety blanket can help our overstimulated sympathetic nervous system (the fight or flight system) calm down by kicking in the parasympathetic nervous system (the rest and digest system). If you are looking for a safe and convenient way to help reduce anxiety, increase relaxation or experience more restful sleep, a weighted anxiety blanket might be your answer. 5 Ways to Keep Stress From Sabotaging Your Sleep