Causes of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA)

Ca dos of avenue Traffic Accidents (RTA)Road slash fatalities argon champion of the major(ip) ca routines of close and injuries in Malaysia. Believed it or not, every classs more people died because of track contingency compare to diseases. gentle factors, including their attitudes, drippiness and health contributed to almost every blend in(predicate) path accidents in this country and mo keep on increase every year and last year al wiz it shown affixs of 397,194 cases in which fatal death accident note quite a little 6,218 cases sources from Road Safety subdivision Malaysia (RSDM). In Asia, it estimated 400,000 people are killed because of drivewayway accident and ab disclose 4 trillion suffered injuries. Apart from that, about 15 million more suffered disability for life sources from Transport Research Laboratory, joined Kingdom. The increasing number of avenue accident fatalities is contributed from the fast growing of economic, population, motorisation and the improvement increment of the industrial welkin in this country on wide scale. Each year, Malaysian has a new auto on the way delinquent to most of Malaysian, affords to buy a new car each year. Last year alone, car sales peak up 2 percentage nearly 536,905 vehicles s caution Aishah Ahmad (2010).The aim of this paper is to pass on critical knowledge and understanding the causes and nature of accidents, statistical data regarding course accidents, social-economical context and impact towards my practise environment e surplusly nursing profession. Hopefully, I critically enable too highlight the reflected bailiwick. confine is a courtly economic aider. This career suit attach for a particular person with firm hearted, caring, concern and patience in accept challenges. A cheer has a great deal of right in saving people lives alike a doctor who are skillful checkup expert and healer. Nurse as a health care provider, working shoulder to shoulder with doctors. In fac t, the haves presence indeed stack make a difference of opinion mingled with life and death. Im a nurse, working in Emergency and Trauma Department (ED), ED provides twenty four hours collar care for the population of Putrajaya and Cyberjaya order and its surrounding area and responsible for the immediate recognition, evaluation, treatment, stabilisation and disposition of medical and surgical emergencies. Other emergency care helpers provided include classic Care Management, Pre Hospital Care, Call Centre and Disaster Management.As an ED nurse working at twenty four hours emergency care unit facing up with the increasing fatalities of routeway accident disfigurement had burden up the workload towards nurses job itself. Delivering effective, accurate and carried out captivate triaging system can be at stack. Why? Because of the stress bar had to carried out due to inter individualised attitudes, physiological ability, shortage of working personal like doctor, nurses or a ssistant medical assistant (AMO), lack of appropriate equipment, working staff poor of knowledge and skill in relations with diligent with unstable conditions, that aim to be treated quickly. Because cadence is much(prenominal) an essential factor in emergency treatment and right(a) triaging of persevering in ED al poors life-saving and first aid measures. In fact, triaging reducing enduring of waiting times that are in select of urgent wariness and assessment on arrival. This will determine their priority of care, this was adapted from troops medical use as describe by Crouch R (1992).The goals and the potential clears of triage especially at ED is in assessing tolerant priority of care upon arrival, provision of life-saving and first aid interventions, reducing the anxiety defeat by quick assessment, provide information to patients and relatives, more efficient use of resources by early and appropriate directing of patient, it is according to the my department P atients Charter. The benefit of this assessment, able to direct patient to the most appropriate care area. Bailey. A (1997).Because of patient care increasingly needed on treating the sickest, the need for move practice nurse to provide and coordinate care in emergency rooms or trauma care has never been greater. In re swear out to the increasing de human beingsd and changes within the scope of sea captain practice as a qualified nurse. There are few essential responsibilities carried out by nurses at ED. For instance, identifiesSubstantial psycho-emotion need by evaluate and assessing patient before distribute them for appropriate care area, age-specific plans for patient accordance to the model nursing guidelines for proper care and treatment, perform constant observation of springy sign. Perform duties as a mentor and key player particularily in advanced area for otherwise nurses and health care lord. In providing right quality nursing care as outlined by Nurses deed of c onveyance 1950 (Revised-1969). Currently and in future ahead nurses image will increase along side with the rising health consciousness and in need of good quality health care worldwide. In reality, nurses are one of a crucial component in patients recovery stated by Richardson LD (2001).As delimitate by Dictionary.com, nurse in ED is who has a nursing practice with formal post-basic education in holistic assessment, physical diagnosis, treatment and promotion of health. Similarly, Tritsch (1998), has observed that the transition into excited environments has highlighted the need for theory-based practice to new take. Nurse in ED performs all responsibilities or duties pieces Nursing and Midwifery Board, Malaysia standard of service. There are still many debate about nursing roles in the ED, suggesting that thither have been whatever erosion of conventional nursing value such as care, kindness and loyalty. The responsibility of nurses in ED needs to be clarified as we know, n urses not pragmaticly care for non-critical patients as review by Watkinson S, (2006).The nurses role in ED is high recognisable and which is also allow the development of the nursing knowledge and skill. This includes triage, trauma care for patient in the blameless areas of the ED as required. Jones (1990) found that normal practice in these departments was unsurmountable to establish, such was the variety of skills of a medical practitioner being underinterpreted. In making these potential roles in patient care are to be realised, the ED nurse should not be viewed as a switch to the junior doctor or AMO, but view as a professional with high qualities and skills said Hooker R (2006). In addition, there should be determine some appropriate scope of practice for ED nurse to established a position within the multidisciplinary team in enhance ED care.Theres should be inter-professional discussion to clarify the manpower, educational and professional/political implication of the ED nurse role. The implication of the ED nurse role system can provides towards the development of nursing practice in each trust on a multidisciplinary basis, providing of vicarious liability by the employing right for each ED nurse, providing appropriate education programmes i.e. ED nurse should retain a generic education programme such as Post-Basic in Advanced Emergency Medical Trauma Care (AEMTC) or separate module of high tertiary level of education in Degree or Master and also provide with short time programme development like MTLS(Malaysia Trauma livelihood Support), ACLS(Advanced Cardiac Life Support), BLS(Basic Life Support) and in PALS(Paediatric Advanced Life Support), but this unique prospect not an effective resource whereby, possible de-skilling of the emergency nurse practice in other aspects of nursing care.There are many causes of accident on the road. Driving recklessly examples awful personal habits, ziping, lack of awareness, in proper or unacceptable behaviour and not wearing proper safety gear or attire especially for motorcyclist and other road user are some of the problems that contribute factor for accidents. check to a study by Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM, 2009), it shown nearly 500 drivers pertain in road accident, it found out that some of car driver thrust when sleepy, driving late night and driving for six to eight hours non-stop or lack of sleep, this linked up with a significant raise and risk of a car crash and would resulting in grueling combat defacement or death.Human error is a central element in accidents. Peter (1998) defined an error is a set of human series of action that exceeds level of tolerability. Usually, the normal judgment in behavior and human error is a departure from a normal human being. Reason (1990), reflect life-threatening acts is an errors, mistake and violation. Errors can happen with or without conscious thought. It like an action that result from misinterpretation of the actual situation. In other words, mistakes are accidental behaviors that involve incorrect choice of inappropriate action for that particular situation. single-valued function violations come from the rules which involve behaviors, such as driving faster than the speed limit i.e.120 km/h. According to the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) Malaysia, the road accident indispensability in Malaysia for year 2008 are 373,407 compared with years 2009 which is estimated 397,330 road accident. The difference is about 24,283 or 6.5 percent cases of road accident throughout the all in all state of Malaysia. In the meantime, if comparing with other demonstrable countries like Switzerland, Germany and the joined States they have managed to humiliate the percentage of road accident percentage from 1.9 percent to 1.4 percent said Road Safety Department, Malaysia. See appendix. The number of casualties due to motor vehicle accident (MVA) in the year 2009 for my ED alone stated up to 854 cases.Accident was the first main cause of hospitalisation and cause of death for my hospitals. From recent analysis shown that, accidents are more usually involved motor vehicles and non-motorized vehicles. For 2009, the majority of emergency call for ambulance service which is my ED had this specialized mobilised team in attend patient involved in MVA for early stabilisation and treatment, followed by attending patient who had injuries at employment and domestic accidents. The increasing of trauma cases were related to the coverage area involving the possibleness of Maju expressway and the change magnitude of population of office area, commercial-grade centre and lodgement area. See Appendix.Statistical analysis shown most of the admitted or received patient at my ED for 2005-2009 reported the significant case of head injury was due to MVA. It can be sub-divide into different type of category vagabond from severe to minor head injury. See appendix.The most common cases involved in road accident fatali ties caused by severe head injury with 86 patients out of 269 of total head injury suffered from MVA. About 90 percent of the total patient was in coma or with low GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), the level of consciousness in most of the patient were 3/15 in scale.Enlighten with the organization activity policies and needs on prolonged the roles of nurses at ED, provided with the underline guidelines and together with the ethical framework of professional practice. As highlighted the requirement for a safe standard of care, nurses have a responsibility to act accordance with rules and guidance which adopted the ethical theories of Deontology where it is a special duty and tariff to specific people or society. Ethically it is a good practice for examples a healthcare worker have an obligation to protect and safe people who had an injury or in need of help. Here, I have identified six principles for professional practice can be widen recognition that the nursing practice carried out me et the needs of patient, continually striving for skills and knowledge that provide safe and fit care delivery, recognize the personal limitation of skill and knowledge and sudor to ensure meet of patients needs, identify the expansion role must restrain continuously for safety of the patient care, recognition of the effort of other healthcare workers involved in patient care and provide treatment and at long last the ability to delegate task appropriately.These projections are affected to some and this in fact extent to our context where in our modern society road accident constitute a major problem thus gilded a significant burden on the workload and financial resources to the government. Malaysia is one of the countries, who have the highest road accident fatality in comparing with among other Southeast Asia country. Road accident fatality causes this country injuryes man power or working power professional or non professional workers, causes property and infrastructure dam age, medical billing burst up put away high, create poor productiveness due to disability suffered from injury and lack of professional workers and other revenue maintenance management costly increased and this effect the country economic growth edited by Radin Umar (1998). An middling compensation of insurance in the essence of damage to or discharge of property, life or a person has peak up tremendously. The increasing number of road accident fatalities could push the insurer to press on the insurance premium and the money paid up in the event of damage was a terrible lost of economic profit to the country.According to from Transport Research Laboratory, United Kingdom reported, during 2005-2009 amid 750.000 and 880.000 people died in road accidents worldwide. Most of them from the developing and mid-develop countries. Globally, most of the productive age collection was involved in the road accident fatalities and loss of disability. The General indemnification Associatio n of Malaysia (PIAM) is concerned over the recent rise in accidents involving commercial vehicles definitely will definitely increased insurance compensation because generally, the upstanding nation not just Malaysia suffered the effect and economic burden of road accident fatality and its estimated about 500 billion dollar. This event causing the held back of social and economic development at large. It involved million of money compensation due to raise of death toll and injuries, costly medical bill, rigorous demand on resources in providing welfare service and contribution, economic growth beneath per-average, the state become poorer due to loss of productivity.ConclusionI found out the current situation of healthcare in ED, nurses need to adapt to the continuously changing healthcare procedure, skilled and technique in treating a patient and find new shipway to deliver good care-specifically in terms of make it more practical and effective nursing practice to a utmost leve l ED standard. Having seeing the increasing number of patients involved in road fatality and in-accomplished the goal for urgent-care centers and integrated standard of care of a patient in ED. Nurse are excellent in communicating with patients and in join forces with other colleague of the para-professional team. Nurses can deliver an exceptional role in terms of reorganizing the ED standard of practice with the current emergency crisis. musical composition road safety has long been consider one of the social responsibilities to the government of Malaysia. I believe this responsibility should not solely rest on the government because there are many ways that the semiprivate sector can support government road safety campaigns and initiatives. I hoped members of the private sector would participate and contribute to the effort of increasing road awareness. The government will carry on investing seriously on road safety campaigns in bringing down the fatality rate to below two for e very 10,000 registered vehicles by 2020, on par with other developed countries. With the governments spending on multimedia awareness campaigns for road users and upgrading accident-prone roads for safer use is hopefully will further reduce road deaths.Of all road accidents in Malaysia, fatal accident justified a higher(prenominal) degree of concern. However, road authorities feel contend with the figures of 6,218 cases death for last year alone. Although studies shown that causes to most of the accident is because of the drivers themselves. The need for providing a safe and efficient road system has been a main concern to the Malaysian government. peculiar(a) measures have to be taken up such as bellicose road safety campaign awareness in civilizing and educate road user to abide by the law and road regulation. Other germane(predicate) agencies such as Ministry of Works, Malaysia (MOW) in providing a better and safer road and Ministry of Transport, Malaysia (MOT) constantly mak e an positive effort in order to improve barter accident in Malaysia, alongside with the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH) in providing better emergency aid management in attending and treating MVA cases and other government authority efforts to reduce traffic accident and to achieve its targets, because prevention is better than cure as point up by Answer.com. Furthermore, positive steps have taken into respond by encourage people especially road user to shared care when go for work, encourage to use and support earthly concern transport, promote walking as part of health exercise and use of bicycle as an option to traffic congestion and for better and scrubbed air for environment and to people to breath.As whole year, most Malaysian will witnessing and exposed with sizzling catchphrase advertisement throughout the radio, television, internet, poster, report and giant electronic screen placed in most major city throughout Malaysia. Some of the phrase held like Stop on Red Ligh t, Ware your seat belt, Celebration, Drive safely, Driving in patient and other sought kind of positive catchphrase. The campaign brought by Road Safety Council Malaysia (2010) and they will highlight on four main issue such as road safety is a together and community effort and not a sole effort of a government, road regulation and rules is a mandatory ruling to be follow by all road user or bear-up will the summon and severe penalty, follow the law will reducing and avoid fatality and ultimately if every citizen support this campaign with uncompromisingly. Hopefully, in future collaboration between intra and inter government agency will improve more on road safety and nevertheless, the government could achieve road accident death toll to below par level. As it will also could, barely million of Ringgit in term of property damage, working force and productivity loss and also medical cost.